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Luke 21:37 – 22:13

Sunday Morning Bible Study

March 19, 2017

Introduction

Do people see Jesus? Is the gospel preached? Does it address the person who is: Empty, lonely, guilty, or afraid to die?  Does it speak to the broken hearted? Does it build up the church? Milk – Meat – Manna Preach for a decision Is the church loved? Regular:  2900 words    Communion: 2500 words  Video=75wpm

Luke was a doctor and a travelling companion of the apostle Paul.

He wrote this book while Paul was in prison.

In writing this book about Jesus, Luke made use of other older documents like the Gospel of Mark, as well as extensive eyewitness accounts.

Jesus’ ministry is well under way, and the people have been amazed not just at the things He’s been teaching, but the things He’s been doing.

We are now on the homestretch of Jesus’ ministry.

Jesus is now in Jerusalem, on His way to be crucified.

Luke has reminded us of what Jesus’ main purpose was in life:

(Luke 19:10 NKJV) for the Son of Man has come to seek and to save that which was lost.”

We saw Jesus arrive in Jerusalem on a Sunday, to the shouts of an adoring crowd, crying “Hosanna”.

The next morning, on Monday, Jesus came into the Temple and cleared out those who were ripping the people off.

He then began to teach in the Temple, as He would every day until He would be arrested.

21:37-38 Daily Teaching

:37 And in the daytime He was teaching in the temple, but at night He went out and stayed on the mountain called Olivet.

stayedaulizomai – to lodge in the court-yard, esp. at night; to pass the night in the open air; to pass the night, lodge

Olivetelaia – an olive tree; an olive, the fruit of an olive tree

:37 the mountain called Olivet

Or, the Mount of Olives.

Video:  Map – Jerusalem and Mount of Olives.

Jesus’ daily commute was a short walk east of the city of Jerusalem, east of the Temple Mount.
The Garden of Gethsemane (“olive press”) is at the bottom of the Mount of Olives.

Here’s a view of the Temple Mount from the Garden of Gethsemane.

:38 Then early in the morning all the people came to Him in the temple to hear Him.

:38 early in the morning …to hear Him

early in the morningorthrizo – to rise early in the morning

from orthros – daybreak, dawn

Lesson

Mornings with Jesus

In the Old Testament, you see this idea of early mornings popping up several times:
(Jeremiah 25:3–4 NKJV) —3 “From the thirteenth year of Josiah the son of Amon, king of Judah, even to this day, this is the twenty-third year in which the word of the Lord has come to me; and I have spoken to you, rising early and speaking, but you have not listened. 4 And the Lord has sent to you all His servants the prophets, rising early and sending them, but you have not listened nor inclined your ear to hear.
Suppose you were living back in these days, and you were in the city of Jerusalem when you hear that Jesus was showing up early every morning to teach in the Temple.
Would you come to hear Him teach?
The Bible says that as a believer, your body is a Temple of the Holy Spirit.
Do you think it’s possible that Jesus still shows up every morning to teach in the Temple?
Video:  OneTimeBlind – Stop and Listen
I think we ought to be giving Him time every morning to teach us.
I do believe a great way for that to happen is by reading His Word.  Without distractions.

22:1-6 Judas Betrays

:1 Now the Feast of Unleavened Bread drew near, which is called Passover.

Feastheorte – a feast day, festival

Unleavened Breadazumos – unfermented, free from leaven or yeast

Passoverpascha – the paschal sacrifice (which was accustomed to be offered for the people’s deliverance of old from Egypt); the paschal lamb; the paschal supper; the paschal feast, the feast of the Passover, extending from the 14th to the 20th day of the month Nisan

:1 Unleavened Bread … Passover

The Feast of Unleavened Bread and the Passover were a package deal. 

The Passover was the first day of the feast, the 14th of Nisan.  The feast of Unleavened Bread was the following seven days after it.  They are celebrated as one and the same.
Jews would gather from all over the world in Jerusalem to celebrate these feasts every year.
It is thought that at the time of Jesus, Jerusalem would swell to over a million Jews gathered to celebrate.
Thirty years after Jesus, Nero doubted the influence that religion had over the Jews. So at one of the Passover feasts a census was taken of the number of lambs that were slain and it was 256,500. A minimum of 10 people were to partake of each lamb, thus it was estimated that the number of people observing Passover in Jerusalem that year was 2,700,000.

The purpose of the celebrating Passover was for the nation of Israel to remember how God had delivered them from slavery in Egypt.

On the night of the first Passover, each family took a lamb, killed it, and spread its blood over their home’s doorposts.
The Angel of Death would “Passover” their home if it was covered in the blood of a lamb.
The first Passover was just a taste of what God had in mind when He would send His only Son to become the “Lamb of God” and in dying would pay for the sins of the world.
When the Lamb’s blood is covering the door of your heart, God will “pass over” your sins.

:2 And the chief priests and the scribes sought how they might kill Him, for they feared the people.

soughtzeteo – to seek in order to find

killanaireo – to take up, to lift up (from the ground); to take away, abolish; to put out of the way, kill slay a man

Jesus used a different word, but one that overlaps in meaning when He said,

(John 12:32 NKJV) And I, if I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all peoples to Myself.”
lifted uphupsoo – to lift up on high, to exalt

:2 for they feared the people

fearedphobeo – to put to flight by terrifying (to scare away); to fear, be afraid; be afraid of one

peoplelaos – a people, people group, tribe, nation, all those who are of the same stock and language

Earlier in the week, when Jesus told a parable about tenant farmers rising up to kill their landlord’s son…

(Luke 20:19 NKJV) And the chief priests and the scribes that very hour sought to lay hands on Him, but they feared the people—for they knew He had spoken this parable against them.

Now we see these leaders actively seeking to find a way to have Jesus put to death because of their fear.

They might have been afraid that if they did something publicly to Jesus, the people might have risen up and rioted.
They might be afraid of losing their place of authority over the people, since Jesus has become quite popular with the common folk.
What do they do with this fear?  They try to kill Jesus.
Pilate saw this when these Jewish leaders had Jesus arrested and brought to him:
(Matthew 27:18 NKJV) For he knew that they had handed Him over because of envy.

Lesson

The Danger of Fear

Fear is a motivator.
Fear of the right things can keep you out of trouble.
If you’re afraid of getting burned, you won’t put your hand on a hot stove.
If you have a healthy fear of God, you will make wiser choices.

(Proverbs 9:10a NKJV) “The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom

Fear of the wrong things can cause you trouble.
It can make an addict crawl right back into self-medicating.
Fear can keep you from resolving problems with another person.

I would rather run from a problem than face a person who causes me pain.

Fear can keep you from stepping out and doing the kinds of things that God may want you to do.

For years I resisted anything to do with missions.  I was basically afraid.  In 2003 I made the big mistake of letting George Bryson talk me into taking a group to Russia.

The first few days I was terrified.  The long plane trip.  A long train ride.  Meeting people who didn’t speak your language.  Constantly afraid of the invisible “secret police”.

That first trip to Russia made me face my fears. I’m no longer afraid of Russia. On last year’s trip, I didn’t even bring an interpreter.

At the time of our passage, there were Jewish leaders who actually “believed” in Jesus, but they kept quiet during this time because…

(John 12:43 NKJV) for they loved the praise of men more than the praise of God.

They were “afraid” of what people would think.

A good definition of courage is not the absence of fear, but learning to act despite your fears.
The movie “Hacksaw Ridge” is a true story about a World War II hero named Desmond Doss.  Desmond was a Seventh Day Adventist who didn’t feel he could carry a rifle to kill someone, but he still wanted to serve his country.  He wanted to be a medic and save lives.
The Battle of Okinawa was a bloody mess.  Doss was right in the middle of the battle, without a weapon, saving lives.

Video: Hacksaw Ridge – Rescue

When the rest of his company abandoned the hilltop to retreat, Doss stayed behind during the night to rescue the wounded who had been abandoned. 

Video:  Hacksaw Ridge – Help Me Get One More

Over a period of three weeks, it is thought he saved somewhere around 75 men.

He was the first conscientious objector to ever be awarded the Medal of Honor.

I’ve been reading lately about the first two hundred years of the church, when there were many seasons of persecution.  Some have estimated that up to two million Christians lost their lives because they chose to renounce the pagan gods and follow Jesus.
But not all Christians did this.
Some were afraid of torture and they renounced Jesus.

I’ve wondered to myself, what would I have done?

When the emperor who issued the anti-Christian decree was replaced by someone a little more lenient, some of these “deniers” came back to the church.

The church was faced with a decision of whether or not to allow those who “lapsed” back into the church.

Be careful about making big decisions when you’re cowering in fear.
(Psalm 56:3 NKJV) Whenever I am afraid, I will trust in You.

The answer to fear is to turn to God and trust.

(Proverbs 3:5–6 NKJV) —5 Trust in the Lord with all your heart, And lean not on your own understanding; 6 In all your ways acknowledge Him, And He shall direct your paths.

Trusting God rather than being afraid is the way to allow God to direct your paths.

:3 Then Satan entered Judas, surnamed Iscariot, who was numbered among the twelve.

:3 Satan entered Judas

enteredeiserchomai – to go out or come in: to enter; of Satan taking possession of the body of a person

Aorist active indicative

Satan would enter Judas a second time on the night of the Last Supper, after Judas had already made arrangements with the chief priests.

Jesus had told His disciples that one of them would betray Him.  It was John who asked specifically…
(John 13:25–30 NKJV) —25 Then, leaning back on Jesus’ breast, he said to Him, “Lord, who is it?” 26 Jesus answered, “It is he to whom I shall give a piece of bread when I have dipped it.” And having dipped the bread, He gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon. 27 Now after the piece of bread, Satan entered him. Then Jesus said to him, “What you do, do quickly.” 28 But no one at the table knew for what reason He said this to him. 29 For some thought, because Judas had the money box, that Jesus had said to him, “Buy those things we need for the feast,” or that he should give something to the poor. 30 Having received the piece of bread, he then went out immediately. And it was night.
The piece of bread Jesus gave Judas wasn’t the bread of communion – that will come later after Judas leaves.
Offering someone your piece of bread was a sign of friendship, like giving someone your Coke.
Video:  Mean Joe Green Coco-Cola commercial
Yet instead of returning the favor like Mean Joe Green did tossing the kid his jersey, Judas rejected Jesus’ offer of friendship and opened himself up to Satan once again.
Judas would leave and gather the soldiers to have Jesus arrested in the Garden of Gethsemane.

:3 Judas, surnamed Iscariot

The name Judas is the Greek form of the name “Judah”, the same as the tribe of Judah, one of the sons of Jacob.

surnamedkaleo – to call; to call i.e. to name, by name; to give a name to

Judas was probably called “Iscariot” to distinguish him from other guys named Judas or “Judah”.
Jesus Himself had a half brother named Judas (Mark 6:3).

IscariotIskariotes

There are various theories as to what this name is about, but it’s probably best to take it from the Hebrew (Ish-Kerioth) meaning “man of Kerioth”, or, “man of the city”

Judas was the treasurer of the band of disciples.

He was the one who took care of all the financial transactions of Jesus’ little group.
About a week prior to our current time, Mary the sister of Lazarus anointed Jesus with costly perfume after raising her brother from the dead.
Judas objected.
(John 12:4–6 NKJV) —4 But one of His disciples, Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, who would betray Him, said, 5 “Why was this fragrant oil not sold for three hundred denarii and given to the poor?” 6 This he said, not that he cared for the poor, but because he was a thief, and had the money box; and he used to take what was put in it.

We’ve talked lately about how dangerous it is to allow the “love of money” to rule your life.  Judas is living proof.

:4 So he went his way and conferred with the chief priests and captains, how he might betray Him to them.

went his wayaperchomai – to go away, depart

conferredsullaleo – to talk with

captainsstrategos – the commander of an army; captain of the temple, i.e. the commander of the Levites who kept guard in and around the temple

he might betrayparadidomi – to give into the hands (of another)

This is the main Greek word used over and over again of Judas’ betrayal of Jesus.

:4 how he might betray Him to them

Judas’ actions were actually predicted in the Old Testament.

At the last supper, Jesus talked about His betrayer,
(John 13:18b NKJV) …but that the Scripture may be fulfilled, ‘He who eats bread with Me has lifted up his heel against Me.’

Jesus was quoting from Psalm 41:9 where David is speaking about his own betrayer, a close friend named Ahithophel.

David wrote prophetically,
(Psalm 55:12–14 NKJV) —12 For it is not an enemy who reproaches me; Then I could bear it. Nor is it one who hates me who has exalted himself against me; Then I could hide from him. 13 But it was you, a man my equal, My companion and my acquaintance. 14 We took sweet counsel together, And walked to the house of God in the throng.

This was not only speaking of Ahithophel, but of Judas as well.

Don’t think that Judas was some fellow that Jesus always hated.  He had been a close friend.

We believe that at the last supper, Judas was seated next to Jesus, in the place reserved for the guest of honor.
While John the apostle characterizes himself as the one who leaned on Jesus’ breast during the supper, Jesus would have been leaning on Judas’ breast during the supper.
That’s how Jesus was able to share a piece of bread (John 13:26) with Judas.
Some of you know what it’s like to be betrayed by someone close to you.  Jesus understands what you’re going through.

:5 And they were glad, and agreed to give him money.

they were gladchairo – to rejoice, be glad; to rejoice exceedingly

agreedsuntithemai – to put together with, to place together, to join together; to make an arrangement, to engage; to assent to, to agree to

moneyargurion – silver; money

:6 So he promised and sought opportunity to betray Him to them in the absence of the multitude.

:5 agreed to give him money

Judas the “money guy” betrayed Jesus for money.

Matthew tells us the religious leaders agreed to give Judas 30 pieces of silver (Mat. 26:15)

(Matthew 26:15 NKJV) and said, “What are you willing to give me if I deliver Him to you?” And they counted out to him thirty pieces of silver.

This too had been prophesied 500 years earlier by the prophet Zechariah:

(Zechariah 11:12b NKJV) …So they weighed out for my wages thirty pieces of silver.

he promisedexomologeo – to confess; to profess; acknowledge openly and joyfully; to profess that one will do something, to promise, agree, engage

soughtzeteo – to seek in order to find

opportunityeukairia (“good” + “time”) – seasonable time, opportunity

to betrayparadidomi – to give into the hands (of another)

in the absenceater – without, apart from

the multitudeochlos – a crowd; a multitude

In a sense it was necessary for Jesus to be delivered to the chief priests to fulfill the prophetic pictures of the Passover Lamb.  The Lamb is put to death by the priests.

22:7-13 Upper Room Prepared

:7 Then came the Day of Unleavened Bread, when the Passover must be killed.

mustdei – it is necessary, there is need of, it behooves, is right and proper

killedthuo – to sacrifice, immolate; to slay, kill

:7 when the Passover must be killed

The Lamb MUST be killed.  There apparently is a lot of discussion as to exactly which day things happened on, but here’s the best that I’ve come up with.

For the Jews, the day begins at 6:00 in the evening.  In the preparation of the Passover, the Lamb was killed and cooked before sundown of the 14th of Nisan.  The dinner would be eaten on that evening, which would be the 15th of Nisan.  The Passover day would last until 6:00 the following day.  By that time, Jesus would have been crucified.
The Lamb must be killed.
He died on the Passover.

:8 And He sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and prepare the Passover for us, that we may eat.”

preparehetoimazo – to make ready, prepare; to make the necessary preparations, get everything ready

:9 So they said to Him, “Where do You want us to prepare?”

:10 And He said to them, “Behold, when you have entered the city, a man will meet you carrying a pitcher of water; follow him into the house which he enters.

will meetsunantao – to meet with; of events: to happen or befall

pitcherkeramion – an earthen vessel, a pot, jar

carryingbastazo – to take up with the hands; to take up in order to carry or bear, to put upon one’s self (something) to be carried

followakoloutheo – to follow one who precedes, join him as his attendant, accompany him

enterseisporeuomai – to go into, enter

:11 Then you shall say to the master of the house, ‘The Teacher says to you, “Where is the guest room where I may eat the Passover with My disciples?” ’

masteroikodespotes (“house” + “master”) – master of the house, householder

houseoikia – a house

:11 Where is the guest room

guest roomkataluma – an inn, lodging place; an eating room, dining room

fromkataluo – to dissolve, disunite; of travelers, to halt on a journey, to put up, lodge (the figurative expression originating in the circumstance that, to put up for the night, the straps and packs of the beasts of burden are unbound and taken off; or, more correctly from the fact that the traveler’s garments, tied up when he is on the journey, are unloosed at it end)

The word is only found 3 times in the New Testament.  Here, in the parallel passage in Mark 14:14), and in…

(Luke 2:7 NKJV) And she brought forth her firstborn Son, and wrapped Him in swaddling cloths, and laid Him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.

:12 Then he will show you a large, furnished upper room; there make ready.”

he will showdeiknuo – to show, expose to the eyes

upper roomanogeon – anything above the ground; a room in the upper part of a house

make readyhetoimazo – to make ready, prepare; to make the necessary preparations, get everything ready

:12 a large, furnished upper room

There is a tradition that this might also be the same place where the disciples gathered on the day of Pentecost, waiting for the coming of the Holy Spirit.

There is a place in the Mount Zion portion of Jerusalem referred to as the “Upper Room” or “Cenacle”.

It’s located right around the corner from what is considered “David’s Tomb”.

Some suggest that this might at least be the area of Jerusalem where Jesus’ Passover meal took place, it’s not the actual room.

This place dates back to the time of the Crusaders, not Jesus’ day.
For a long time it was also a Muslim mosque.

:13 So they went and found it just as He had said to them, and they prepared the Passover.

they wentaperchomai – to go away, depart

foundheurisko – to come upon, hit upon, to meet with; after searching, to find a thing sought

they preparedhetoimazo – to make ready, prepare; to make the necessary preparations, get everything ready

:13 found it just as He had said

Jesus gave Peter and John specific things to look for, like finding the man carrying the water pot.

It could be that Jesus has already prearranged this with this fellow.

I think it’s more likely that Jesus was setting up something supernatural here.

If the disciples looked for a man with a water pot and follow him, then they would end up at the place Jesus wanted them to go to.
Something like this happened to Saul before he was made king over Israel.
He had been out looking for his father’s missing donkeys when he ended up running into the prophet Samuel.
He had started on an errand for his dad, and ended up being chosen and anointed as King over Israel.
Then Samuel gave Saul a clue as to what would happen next.
(1 Samuel 10:2–7 NKJV) —2 When you have departed from me today, you will find two men by Rachel’s tomb in the territory of Benjamin at Zelzah; and they will say to you, ‘The donkeys which you went to look for have been found. And now your father has ceased caring about the donkeys and is worrying about you, saying, “What shall I do about my son?” ’ 3 Then you shall go on forward from there and come to the terebinth tree of Tabor. There three men going up to God at Bethel will meet you, one carrying three young goats, another carrying three loaves of bread, and another carrying a skin of wine. 4 And they will greet you and give you two loaves of bread, which you shall receive from their hands. 5 After that you shall come to the hill of God where the Philistine garrison is. And it will happen, when you have come there to the city, that you will meet a group of prophets coming down from the high place with a stringed instrument, a tambourine, a flute, and a harp before them; and they will be prophesying. 6 Then the Spirit of the Lord will come upon you, and you will prophesy with them and be turned into another man. 7 And let it be, when these signs come to you, that you do as the occasion demands; for God is with you.

These series of events were intended to impress upon Saul that God was involved in this whole thing, that God had indeed made him king.

Lesson

No Accidents

I believe Jesus is setting up His disciples for a similar lesson.
The evening ahead of them will be like no other.
They will spend a marvelous time with Jesus in the Upper Room enjoying the bread and wine.  They will listen to Jesus teach amazing things.
Later that evening they will go to the Garden of Gethsemane, and Jesus will be arrested.
He will be taken from them, tried, condemned, beaten, and crucified.
It’s important for the disciples to know that none of this was by accident.

Jesus was destined to die.

He was to be the ultimate Passover Lamb, dying for the sins of the world.

Jesus told the disciples to “prepare” a room, but they would find that Jesus had “prepared” the events of the entire week from before the foundations of the world.
Esther found herself at the center of one of the most dangerous times in the history of the nation of Israel.
A man named Haman was plotting to have the entire race of Jews wiped out.
But Esther, a Jew, wasn’t sure if she should risk doing anything about it.  Her cousin Mordecai told her,

(Esther 4:14 NKJV) For if you remain completely silent at this time, relief and deliverance will arise for the Jews from another place, but you and your father’s house will perish. Yet who knows whether you have come to the kingdom for such a time as this?”

Esther’s whole life had been preparing her for that moment.

I think we need to be careful about how we look on the “tragedies” in our lives.
You may not know at the moment why you are going through what you’re going through, but there are no “accidents” with God.
I wonder if you realize that God has “prepared” you for such a time as this.
God can work a greater purpose in our life, even through tragedy.
(Romans 8:28 NKJV) And we know that all things work together for good to those who love God, to those who are the called according to His purpose.
God knows what He’s doing.  You can trust Him in the difficult times.