Home Library

Luke 22:1-53

Thursday Night Bible Study

March 28, 2013

Introduction

Do people see Jesus? Is the gospel preached? Does it speak to the broken hearted? Does it build up the church? Milk – Meat – Manna Preach for a decision Is the church loved?

On Sunday we talked about the grand parade that formed when Jesus entered the city of Jerusalem on Palm Sunday.

Throughout the week Jesus would come into the city in the morning, teach in the Temple, and then go back to the Garden of Gethsemane in the evening where He and His disciples would spend the night.

We are now somewhere around Thursday of that week…

Tomorrow at noon we’ll look at the cross. At the sunrise service we’ll look at the resurrection. In the Sunday morning services we’ll look at the Road to Emmaus.

22:1-28 Last Supper

:1 Now the Feast of Unleavened Bread drew near, which is called Passover.

:1 the Feast of Unleavened Bread

The crowds were in Jerusalem for the annual celebration of the Passover.

But the Passover wasn’t just about having a three-day-weekend in Jerusalem.

The feast lasted for a week after the Passover because it was followed by the Feast of Unleavened Bread, which lasted for seven days.

That means the crowds that were there to see Jesus crucified were also around when He rose from the dead.

Even though the entire city didn’t see Jesus after He rose, quite a few people did, and the word would have travelled throughout the city of what had happened on Sunday.

:2 And the chief priests and the scribes sought how they might kill Him, for they feared the people.

The religious leaders didn’t like Jesus. They didn’t like how the crowds followed Him. They wanted Jesus put to death, but they were afraid that if they did it too openly, the people would revolt against them.

:3 Then Satan entered Judas, surnamed Iscariot, who was numbered among the twelve.

:3 Satan entered Judas

John tells us the actual moment that Satan entered into Judas. It actually happened at the supper that would take place a little later in the evening. Jesus had been telling the disciples that one of them would betray Him. When they asked who it was …

(Jn 13:26–27 NKJV) Jesus answered, “It is he to whom I shall give a piece of bread when I have dipped it.” And having dipped the bread, He gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon. 27 Now after the piece of bread, Satan entered him. Then Jesus said to him, “What you do, do quickly.”
Dipping a piece of bread into the sauce and giving it to someone next to you was a sign of friendship, like sharing your French fries with a friend.
When Jesus gave the piece of bread to Judas, He was extending friendship to the man, a last gesture of friendship before Judas would betray Him.
It would seem that Judas’ intention to betray Jesus, along with the gesture of friendship and love from Jesus, combined to open the door inside of Judas for Satan to come in.

Lesson

The dangerous “no”

When we reject the love the Jesus offers us, we will find ourselves turning to some pretty bad stuff.
(Heb 3:12–14 NKJV) —12 Beware, brethren, lest there be in any of you an evil heart of unbelief in departing from the living God; 13 but exhort one another daily, while it is called “Today,” lest any of you be hardened through the deceitfulness of sin. 14 For we have become partakers of Christ if we hold the beginning of our confidence steadfast to the end,
God gives us free will. We have the ability to say “yes” to God or to say “no” to Him.
When we continue to say “no” to Him, we develop a hard heart, to the point where we just don’t care anymore. And that’s a dangerous place because we open the doors for dangerous stuff.

:4 So he went his way and conferred with the chief priests and captains, how he might betray Him to them.

:5 And they were glad, and agreed to give him money.

:5 agreed to give him money

Matthew tells us the amount,

(Mt 26:15 NKJV) and said, “What are you willing to give me if I deliver Him to you?” And they counted out to him thirty pieces of silver.

:6 So he promised and sought opportunity to betray Him to them in the absence of the multitude.

The plan for the religious leaders was to have Jesus arrested when He wasn’t with the huge crowd. The crowd wouldn’t have taken kindly to Jesus being arrested.

In a sense it was necessary for Jesus to be delivered to the chief priests to fulfill the prophetic pictures of the Passover Lamb. The Lamb is put to death by the priests.

:7 Then came the Day of Unleavened Bread, when the Passover must be killed.

:7 the Passover must be killed

There is a lot of discussion as to exactly which day things happened on.  Here’s one way of looking at things:

For the Jews, the day begins at 6:00 in the evening.  In the preparation of the Passover, the Lamb was killed and cooked before sundown of the 14th of Nisan (see Ex. 12).  The dinner would be eaten on that evening, which would be the 15th of Nisan.  The Passover day would last until 6:00 the following day.
Jesus ate the meal with the disciples on Thursday evening, and would be dead before the next evening on Friday.

Here’s what would have been happening earlier in the afternoon, foreshadowing what would take place on Friday … as practiced today by the Samaritans …

Play SourceFlix – Passover Lamb clip

:8 And He sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and prepare the Passover for us, that we may eat.”

:9 So they said to Him, “Where do You want us to prepare?”

:10 And He said to them, “Behold, when you have entered the city, a man will meet you carrying a pitcher of water; follow him into the house which he enters.

:10 a man will meet you

It kind of sounds like a rendezvous with a secret agent – “look for the man with the red carnation” or something like that.

This has the same “ring” as when Jesus entered Jerusalem earlier in the week and He gave instructions to two disciples about finding a donkey for Him to ride on:

(Lk 19:30–31 NKJV)30 …“Go into the village opposite you, where as you enter you will find a colt tied, on which no one has ever sat. Loose it and bring it here. 31 And if anyone asks you, ‘Why are you loosing it?’ thus you shall say to him, ‘Because the Lord has need of it.’ ”
And when the two disciples entered the village, it all unfolded for them just like Jesus said it would.

Lesson

Tragedy

We talked about this on Sunday, and the impact it would have on the disciples later on when they might be tempted to think that Jesus’ death was all some sort of a horrible accident.
Jesus’ death wasn’t an accident, it was the very reason He came. He came to die. It had all been in the plan, just like the donkey, just like the man with the upper room.
We too might tend to think that some of the tragedies we’ve encountered have been huge, terrible accidents.
It might be that we just haven’t seen the end of it all yet. Paul wrote,

(Ro 8:28 NKJV) And we know that all things work together for good to those who love God, to those who are the called according to His purpose.

Joseph was sold as a slave by his brothers, and even ended up in an Egyptian prison for something he didn’t do. He might have been tempted to wonder what had gone wrong. But Joseph saw the bigger picture. He would explain to his brothers…

(Ge 50:20 NKJV) But as for you, you meant evil against me; but God meant it for good, in order to bring it about as it is this day, to save many people alive.

:11 Then you shall say to the master of the house, ‘The Teacher says to you, “Where is the guest room where I may eat the Passover with My disciples?” ’

:12 Then he will show you a large, furnished upper room; there make ready.”

:13 So they went and found it just as He had said to them, and they prepared the Passover.

:14 When the hour had come, He sat down, and the twelve apostles with Him.

:15 Then He said to them, “With fervent desire I have desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer;

:16 for I say to you, I will no longer eat of it until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.”

:15 With fervent desire I have desired

Luke’s use of words speak of an intensity in what Jesus is saying. (eipthumia and eipthumeo, repeating the same word in its noun form and verb form, a word that already speaks of an intense craving)

Why has Jesus greatly desired this Passover?

Because this is the moment He’s been waiting for.  This is the Passover where He is going to die for the sins of the world.  This is the Passover feast where He is going to give a marvelous thing to His disciples, Communion, where they can remember what He’s going to have done for them.

:17 Then He took the cup, and gave thanks, and said, “Take this and divide it among yourselves;

:18 for I say to you, I will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.”

:17 He took the cup

In the celebration of the Passover feast, there were certain things that were done during the dinner.

When the group was settled, the first cup of wine was filled, and a blessing was asked by the head of the family on the feast, as well as a special one on the cup.
This is probably this first cup that Jesus is taking here. It was called the cup of sanctification.
Then the bitter herbs (like horseradish) were placed on the table and a portion of them were eaten, reminding the family of the bitterness of their bondage in Egypt.
Illustration
With Passover soon upon them, the Jewish community in Madrid found themselves in a desperate situation. There was an acute shortage of horseradish. You probably know that horseradish is the key, if not only, ingredient of that fiery condiment for gefilte fish that is known as chrain. A hue and cry arose and the entire community was mobilized in an effort to prevent this shonda (shame, tragedy). All the European Union countries gave the same reply, "Sorry, we have none to send. In desperation, the Rabbi phoned one of his Yeshiva friends in Tel Aviv and begged him to send a crate of horseradish by air freight. Two days before Passover, a crate of grade Aleph, tear-jerking, Israeli horseradish was loaded at Ben Gurion Airport onto EL Al flight 789 to Madrid, and all seemed to be well. Unfortunately, when the Rabbi went to the Madrid airport to claim the horseradish, he was informed that a wildcat strike had just broken out and no shipments would be unloaded for at least four days. So...? As a result, The chrain in Spain stayed mainly on the plane.
After the bitter herbs, the unleavened bread was handed around next. It is interesting that there was supposed to be three loaves of bread kept in little cloth sacks. The middle or second loaf was to be broken.
After the bread was passed around, the second cup of wine was drunk, the cup of “plagues”.
Then the son would ask the father the meaning of the feast in accordance with Ex. 12:26. The Father would remind the family of the suffering in Egypt and God’s deliverance.
A song of praise was sung. The Hallel or “Praise” songs were sung
The lamb was then carved and eaten, followed by a third cup of wine, the cup of redemption.
There was a final cup of wine, the cup of praise.

:19 And He took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, “This is My body which is given for you; do this in remembrance of Me.”

:19 do this in remembrance of Me

The bread remains bread. It does not magically turn into the flesh of Jesus.

It is meant to make us remember Him. It is meant to make us remember His body.
It used to be that the Passover feast would cause the people to remember what God had done in Egypt.
Jesus now tells His disciples that they are to remember Him.
They will remember what He did at the cross as He gave His body for us.

:20 Likewise He also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood, which is shed for you.

:20 the new covenant in My blood

God has now established a New Agreement between God and man. Keep in mind, Jesus didn’t just come up with this idea, it was promised long ago. God had promised that there would be a New Covenant:

(Je 31:31–34 NKJV) —31 “Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah— 32 not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they broke, though I was a husband to them, says the Lord.
The New Covenant is contrasted with the Old Covenant. The Old Covenant is the agreement that God made with Israel through Moses. It dates back to the time when God took the people out of Egypt. When did God take the people out of Egypt? At the Passover.
33 But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord: I will put My law in their minds, and write it on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. 34 No more shall every man teach his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, ‘Know the Lord,’ for they all shall know Me, from the least of them to the greatest of them, says the Lord. For I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more.”
The New Covenant would be something that happens on the inside. God writes His laws on our heart. People know the Lord. And God forgives our sin.
In the Old Covenant, the agreement was “sealed” with blood.
(Ex 24:8 NKJV) And Moses took the blood, sprinkled it on the people, and said, “This is the blood of the covenant which the Lord has made with you according to all these words.”

This made the agreement binding. The people were sprinkled with blood.

The New Covenant is also sealed with blood. The cup is to remind us of this.

:21 But behold, the hand of My betrayer is with Me on the table.

:22 And truly the Son of Man goes as it has been determined, but woe to that man by whom He is betrayed!”

:23 Then they began to question among themselves, which of them it was who would do this thing.

I always find it amazing to think that Jesus treated Judas with such grace and kindness that the other disciples didn’t know who the betrayer was.

I, on the other hand, would tend to nod in the direction of Judas, or cough while whispering under my breath “Judas”.

:24 Now there was also a dispute among them, as to which of them should be considered the greatest.

I find it amazing that the disciples go from a discussion about who was going to betray Jesus, to who is going to be the greatest.

It kind of goes to show you that the disciples were just like us.  Their eyes were on themselves, not Jesus.  They weren’t worried about Jesus being betrayed, they were worrying about being the betrayer and losing their place.

:25 And He said to them, “The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them, and those who exercise authority over them are called ‘benefactors.’

:26 But not so among you; on the contrary, he who is greatest among you, let him be as the younger, and he who governs as he who serves.

:27 For who is greater, he who sits at the table, or he who serves? Is it not he who sits at the table? Yet I am among you as the One who serves.

:28 “But you are those who have continued with Me in My trials.

:29 And I bestow upon you a kingdom, just as My Father bestowed one upon Me,

:30 that you may eat and drink at My table in My kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.”

I’ll bet it was confusing for the disciples to have Jesus talk about serving one another one moment, and then talk about sitting on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel the next.

:27 who is greater

Lesson

Mature Servants

I think we have it in our heads that the more people we can “command” to do our bidding, the greater we are, the better we are, the more “mature” we are (Like this picture of Hitler speaking to a huge crowd, commanding his nation)
Yet I think Jesus’ definition of maturity is simply that of “serving”.
John tells us that earlier in the evening, Jesus started the evening by washing the disciples’ feet (John 13), something that should have been done by a servant.
And to think that He did this, knowing that He was going to be betrayed, tried, beaten, and put to death.  Yet He serves.
Jesus told the guys that He washed their feet to set an example for them.
(Jn 13:12–17 NKJV) —12 So when He had washed their feet, taken His garments, and sat down again, He said to them, “Do you know what I have done to you? 13 You call Me Teacher and Lord, and you say well, for so I am. 14 If I then, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another’s feet. 15 For I have given you an example, that you should do as I have done to you. 16 Most assuredly, I say to you, a servant is not greater than his master; nor is he who is sent greater than he who sent him. 17 If you know these things, blessed are you if you do them.

We can get all confused thinking about the “thrones” we’ll be sitting on in heaven, when what we ought to be focusing on is how we are to be serving others.

PlaySkitguys – Last Supper
” clip.

:31 And the Lord said, “Simon, Simon! Indeed, Satan has asked for you, that he may sift you as wheat.

:32 But I have prayed for you, that your faith should not fail; and when you have returned to Me, strengthen your brethren.”

:32 strengthen your brethren

Peter would stumble and fall. But Jesus tells him that after he gets back up, he needs to help others out too.

Lesson

Get back up and help

Solomon wrote,
(Pr 24:16 NKJV) For a righteous man may fall seven times And rise again, But the wicked shall fall by calamity.

We will all fall. The important thing is to get back up again.

Jesus told Peter to help his brothers once he got up.
Illustration
A Carpenter
Once upon a time two brothers who lived on adjoining farms fell into conflict. It was the first serious rift in 40 years of farming side by side, sharing machinery, and trading labor and goods as needed without a hitch. Then the long collaboration fell apart. It began with a small misunderstanding and it grew into a major difference, and finally it exploded into an exchange of bitter words followed by weeks of silence. One morning there was a knock on John’s door. He opened it to find a man with a carpenter’s toolbox. “I’m looking for a few days work” he said, perhaps you would have a few small jobs here and there. Could I help you?” “Yes,” said the older brother, “I do have a job for you. Look across the creek at that farm. That’s my neighbor, in fact, it’s my younger brother. Last week there was a meadow between us and he took his bulldozer to the river levee and now there is a creek between us. Well, he may have done this to spite me, but I’ll go him one better. See that pile of lumber curing by the barn? I want you to build me a fence—an 8-foot fence—so I won’t need to see his place anymore. Cool him down, anyhow.” The carpenter said, “I think I understand the situation. Show me the nails and the post-hole digger and I’ll be able to do a job that pleases you.” The older brother had to go to town for supplies, so he helped the carpenter get the materials ready and then he was off for the day. The carpenter worked hard all that day measuring, sawing, nailing. About sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. The farmer’s eyes opened wide, his jaw dropped. There was no fence there at all. It was a bridge—a bridge stretching from one side of the creek to the other! A fine piece of work, handrails and all—and the neighbor, his younger brother, was coming across, his hand outstretched. “You are quite a fellow to build this bridge after all I’ve said and done.” The two brothers met at the middle of the bridge, taking each other’s hand. They turned to see the carpenter hoist his toolbox on his shoulder. “No, wait! Stay a few days. I’ve a lot of other projects for you,” said the older brother. “I’d love to stay on,” the carpenter said, “but I have so many more bridges to build.”

:33 But he said to Him, “Lord, I am ready to go with You, both to prison and to death.”

:34 Then He said, “I tell you, Peter, the rooster shall not crow this day before you will deny three times that you know Me.”

:34 I am ready to go with You

Lesson

Dangerous self confidence

We have a part of us that’s pretty wicked.
(Je 17:9 NKJV) The heart is deceitful above all things, And desperately wicked; Who can know it?
It’s easy when you’re a young believer to think that you’d never turn your back on Jesus. But it can happen.
Don’t fall into the trap of thinking that you could never turn away from Jesus. You’re setting yourself up for a fall if you do.

:35 And He said to them, “When I sent you without money bag, knapsack, and sandals, did you lack anything?” So they said, “Nothing.”

:36 Then He said to them, “But now, he who has a money bag, let him take it, and likewise a knapsack; and he who has no sword, let him sell his garment and buy one.

:37 For I say to you that this which is written must still be accomplished in Me: ‘And He was numbered with the transgressors.’ For the things concerning Me have an end.”

:38 So they said, “Lord, look, here are two swords.” And He said to them, “It is enough.”

:36 he who has a money bag, let him take it

At one point in Jesus’ ministry, He taught the men to depend on God to provide for their needs.

He sent them out without any money, and God provided for their needs.

Yet there was a time coming when they needed to take their money with them, even needing to take a couple of swords along.

Learn to be flexible.  Find the balance.

Lesson

Balance and flexibility

Sometimes we can fall into the trap of thinking that things are either this or that, either black or white, that the choice is only up or down.
The older I get, the more I realize that there usually is a balance to many things in life.
Doctrines need balance
I used to think that person had to be either a Calvinist or an Armenian. I used to think that you either had to be on the side that says that God is totally sovereign and that man has no free will, or you were on the side that says that man has a free will and God isn’t really sovereign.

Maybe I’m just deceived, but I’ve come to the conclusion that both sides are correct. I see the Scriptures teaching both sides. How do I reconcile this? I don’t have to, that’s God’s problem. I see the Scriptures telling me that I have been chosen before the foundation of the world. I have been predestined to follow Jesus. No one can snatch me out of the Father’s hand. And yet – I still have to make a choice to follow Jesus. I must make a choice of my will to “repent”. I must choose to believe in Jesus in order to have eternal life. I am commanded to go out and preach the gospel so men might be saved.

Living needs balance
In the same way, we need to have a balance between the work of the Holy Spirit in our lives and our own self-discipline. We definitely want to see the power of God at work in our lives. We want to see God leading our lives. We want to experience that joy that comes from being in God’s presence.

Yet we also need to learn to walk by faith. We need to learn how to “deny ourselves, take up the cross, and follow Jesus”. Those things don’t come by being carried along by some unseen force. They come from making a choice and putting our feet and hands into action. We won’t always have a clear sense of “seeing God” or knowing His will. That’s what it means to “walk by faith”. We are going to trust Him, even if we don’t see Him. We are going to follow and obey Him even when we don’t “feel” Him.

I’ve seen people go for years without getting a job, expecting others to pick up their tabs, all on the idea that they are living “by faith”.

The Bible says if you don’t work, you don’t eat.

22:29-53 The Garden of Gethsemane

:39 Coming out, He went to the Mount of Olives, as He was accustomed, and His disciples also followed Him.

:39 as He was accustomed

We think that Jesus and His disciples probably camped each night during Passover week on the Mount of Olives, probably in the Garden of Gethsemane.

:40 When He came to the place, He said to them, “Pray that you may not enter into temptation.”

:41 And He was withdrawn from them about a stone’s throw, and He knelt down and prayed,

:42 saying, “Father, if it is Your will, take this cup away from Me; nevertheless not My will, but Yours, be done.”

:42 if it is Your will

There are two different Greek words that are translated “will”, and both are used in this verse.

The first word, boulomai, seems to speak of deliberation, something rational, something thought out.
The second word, thelomai (here the form is thelema), speaks more of an inclination, something involving the emotions.
Perhaps you could translate this prayer:
“Father, if You could think about it and figure out another way, that would be nice, but I want You to know that I will not do the things that I might be inclined, or want to do, but I will do everything that You want me to do.”

Lesson

Yielding

Jesus expresses what His desire is. There is nothing wrong with letting God know what you would like to happen.
But ultimately, Jesus is willing to yield to the Father’s plan.
My “desires” need to take second place to God’s plan.

:43 Then an angel appeared to Him from heaven, strengthening Him.

:44 And being in agony, He prayed more earnestly. Then His sweat became like great drops of blood falling down to the ground.

:45 When He rose up from prayer, and had come to His disciples, He found them sleeping from sorrow.

:46 Then He said to them, “Why do you sleep? Rise and pray, lest you enter into temptation.”

:46 pray, lest you enter into temptation

Lesson

Prayer and victory

There are lots of other things that we can do to have victory over temptation, but one of the places to start is prayer.
We like to write off the importance of prayer, telling ourselves that it really isn’t all that important, yet I wonder if we don’t say it because it really isn’t something that our flesh likes to do.
Here’s something that E.M. Bounds says about prayer (Power Through Prayer, chapter 5) –
Preachers are human folks, and are exposed to and often caught by the strong driftings of human currents. Praying is spiritual work; and human nature does not like taxing, spiritual work. Human nature wants to sail to heaven under a favoring breeze, a full, smooth sea. Prayer is humbling work. It abases intellect and pride, crucifies vainglory, and signs our spiritual bankruptcy, and all these are hard for flesh and blood to bear. It is easier not to pray than to bear them. So we come to one of the crying evils of these times, maybe of all times—little or no praying. Of these two evils, perhaps little praying is worse than no praying. Little praying is a kind of make-believe, a salvo for the conscience, a farce and a delusion.
The little estimate we put on prayer is evident from the little time we give to it. The time given to prayer by the average preacher scarcely counts in the sum of the daily aggregate. Not infrequently the preacher’s only praying is by his bedside in his nightdress, ready for bed and soon in it, with, perchance the addition of a few hasty snatches of prayer ere he is dressed in the morning. How feeble, vain, and little is such praying compared with the time and energy devoted to praying by holy men in and out of the Bible! How poor and mean our petty, childish praying is beside the habits of the true men of God in all ages! To men who think praying their main business and devote time to it according to this high estimate of its importance does God commit the keys of his kingdom, and by them does he work his spiritual wonders in this world. Great praying is the sign and seal of God’s great leaders and the earnest of the conquering forces with which God will crown their labors.

:47 And while He was still speaking, behold, a multitude; and he who was called Judas, one of the twelve, went before them and drew near to Jesus to kiss Him.

:48 But Jesus said to him, “Judas, are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss?”

:49 When those around Him saw what was going to happen, they said to Him, “Lord, shall we strike with the sword?”

:50 And one of them struck the servant of the high priest and cut off his right ear.

:51 But Jesus answered and said, “Permit even this.” And He touched his ear and healed him.

:52 Then Jesus said to the chief priests, captains of the temple, and the elders who had come to Him, “Have you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs?

:53 When I was with you daily in the temple, you did not try to seize Me. But this is your hour, and the power of darkness.”

PlaySkitguysGarden of Gethsemane” clip.

Jesus will be arrested and have several trials before the Sanhedrin, Pilate, and Herod.

By noon the next day He will be hanging on a cross at a place called Golgotha, or, Calvary.